City water in Fresno, private wells on the rural edge
The City of Fresno delivers water to more than 142,000 customers over 114 square miles, including many county islands. Its roughly 260 wells pump from the aquifer under the valley. Surface water from Millerton Lake or Pine Flat Lake arrives through Fresno Irrigation District canals for treatment. The city's 2024 water quality report says its groundwater pumping is down to amounts last seen in 1955.
Inside the city, the municipal code bars new private wells for household water. If a private well there fails, the City will not permit repairing, deepening or replacing it. The property connects to city water instead.
So the private wells with Fresno addresses sit out on the farm land, mostly south and west of the city. State records show 439 new household wells with a Fresno address from 2020 on; two are inside city limits. Most are in the rural ZIP codes 93725 and 93706, near Easton, Bowles, Malaga, Monmouth and West Park. Nearly all of the 259 dry wells sit outside the city limits too.
What SGMA means for a new well near Fresno
SGMA is California's groundwater law, carried out by local groundwater agencies. The city and most of its rural edge fall under the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA). The City of Fresno, the County of Fresno and Fresno Irrigation District are among its eight founding agencies. South of town, around Bowles and Monmouth, the Central Kings GSA takes over.
The Kings Subbasin plans won state approval in August 2023, and the North Kings GSA must reach sustainability by 2040. It expects groundwater levels to keep falling before they level off. It has set depth standards for new wells, household wells included, and posts a Minimum Well Depth Tool online. It also advises asking a local driller how deep to drill.
Outside the city limits, Fresno County Environmental Health issues the well permit to a licensed C-57 driller. We apply for it as the licensed driller. The county says household well permits are usually processed normally. The county permits the well, and the GSA regulates how its water is used.
How deep are wells around Fresno?
New household wells with a Fresno address keep going deeper, per state well completion reports. Their median depth was 180 feet from 1990 to 2009 and 310 feet from 2010 to 2019. From 2020 on, the median is 350 feet, and most run 300 to 400 feet. The free estimate lists the depth range, casing, seal, pump and tank, from well records near your parcel.
The wells that went dry were mostly shallow. Among the Fresno-address dry well reports that list a depth, most wells were 150 feet deep or less. Just south of the city, 42 Daleville homes had dry wells or nitrate and uranium in their wells. A city water main later reached them.
Water quality changes from well to well here. The city's 2024 report lists nitrate, arsenic, uranium, DBCP and TCP among what it tracks in its wells. In Fresno County, private wells do not have to meet water quality standards, so testing is up to you. A state-certified lab can test a private well, and we can point you to one.
Well pumps, pressure tanks and water lines around Fresno
Fresno County ranked first in the nation for farm sales in the 2022 Census of Agriculture. Almonds cover the most acres, followed by grapes and pistachios. About half the county's farms are under 50 acres. A rural home on a private well depends on its own pump and pressure tank.
When the well still has water but the house does not, the pump or its controls are the usual suspects. A worn-out pump calls for well pump replacement: we pull it and set a new one sized to the well. A waterlogged pressure tank makes the pump cycle on and off too often; we replace tanks, switches and gauges.
A new well also needs water line trenching to the house, for the pipe and the pump's power. We come over from Riverdale on Highway 41, about 27 road miles to central Fresno. We take well and pump calls 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Communities and areas we serve around Fresno: Easton, Bowles, Monmouth, West Park, Malaga, Calwa, Raisin City, Biola, Kerman, Sunnyside, Old Fig Garden, Fort Washington.
Fresno ZIP codes served: 93650, 93701, 93702, 93703, 93704, 93705, 93706, 93710, 93711, 93720, 93721, 93722, 93723, 93725, 93726, 93727, 93728, 93730, 93737.